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Reconocimiento1915

Referencia cívica

Reconocimiento y leyes

El reconocimiento (leyes, resoluciones, declaraciones) no es lo mismo que tipificar penalmente la negación. Esta página mantiene esa distinción. Resumen educativo, no asesoramiento jurídico. Versión en inglés: Versión en inglés.

Distinción jurídica clave

Un Estado puede reconocer un genocidio sin mantener una ley penal «antinegacionista» en vigor. Francia es el ejemplo más claro: la ley 2001-70 reconoce el genocidio armenio, pero el Consejo Constitucional censuró enfoques penales sobre la negación en 2012 y 2017. Texto oficial: Légifrance.

Cuadro resumido (selección)

Una fila por jurisdicción en este resumen: verifique instrumentos y fechas en boletines oficiales. Para España, véase España y el reconocimiento.

Uruguay

1965

Instrumento: Parlamento (Senado y Cámara)

Hito legislativo temprano citado con frecuencia.

Chipre

1982

Instrumento: Resolución de la Cámara de Representantes

Verificar redacción en boletín oficial.

Francia

2001

Instrumento: Ley (2001-70)

Reconocimiento legal; intentos penales de negación fueron anulados (2012, 2017).

Alemania

2016

Instrumento: Resolución del Bundestag

Texto parlamentario; contrastar con el ejecutivo en cada momento.

Canadá

1996–2004

Instrumento: Resoluciones de Cámara baja / Senado

Cruzar con posiciones del gobierno federal.

Rusia

1995

Instrumento: Resolución de la Duma Estatal

La redacción y la diplomacia posterior varían; verificar texto.

Estados Unidos

1975–2021+

Instrumento: Congreso / declaraciones presidenciales

La terminología cambia según administración y cámara.

Portugal

2019

Instrumento: Resolución de la Asamblea de la República

Texto parlamentario; confirmar publicación oficial.

Parlamento Europeo

1987; 2015

Instrumento: Resoluciones institucionales

Marco simbólico de la UE; no sustituye el derecho nacional.

España

Instrumento: Autonómico / municipal (parcial)

Sin ley estatal única aquí resumida; véase España y el reconocimiento.

España y el reconocimiento

Lista amplia (referencia del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Armenia)

Las entradas siguientes reproducen la redacción en inglés publicada por el MFA de Armenia.

Listado tipo catálogo: resoluciones y leyes parlamentarias, organizaciones internacionales, y después cuerpos provinciales y municipales. Úselo como herramienta de búsqueda; cruce siempre con fuentes primarias. Fuente: mfa.am/recognition.

Resoluciones parlamentarias, leyes y declaraciones

  • Resolution of the Senate of Mexico on recognition of the Armenian Genocide – February 8, 2023
  • Declaration by the Parliament of the Republic of Latvia on the Recognition and Condemnation of the Armenian Genocide - May 6, 2021.
  • Resolution by the People's Council of the Syrian Arab Republic on recognition and condemnation of the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire - February 13, 2020
  • Unanimous resolution of the U.S. Senate recognizing and condemning Armenian Genocide - December 12, 2019
  • Resolution of the U.S. House of Representatives approving U.S. position on Armenian Genocide - October 30, 2019
  • Position of the Assembly of the Republic (the Parliament of Portugal) on its position on the Armenian Genocide - April 26, 2019
  • Initiative of the chamber of deputies of Italy encouraging the government of Italy to recognize Armenian Genocide - April 10, 2019
  • Decree of the President of France Emmanuel Macron recognizing April 24 as a National Memorial Day of Armenian Genocide - April 10, 2019
  • Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies of the parliament of Czech Republic condemning and recognizing Armenian Genocide and other crimes against humanity - April 26, 2017
  • The Senate of France confirmation of the bill criminalizing the negation of Armenian Genocide - October 14, 2016
  • Resolution of the Knesset Committee on education, culture and sport of the State of Israel - August 1, 2016
  • Resolution of the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany - June 2, 2016
  • Resolution of the Senate of the Republic of Paraguay - October 29, 2015
  • Resolution of the House of Representatives of the Kingdom of Belgium - July 24, 2015
  • Resolution of the Federal Senate of the Federal Republic of Brazil - May 29, 2015
  • Resolution of the Parliament of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg - May 6, 2015
  • Statement of State Duma of Russian Federation on the Armenian Genocide Centennial - April 24, 2015
  • Statement by the President Federal Republic of Germany Joachim Gauck - April 23, 2015
  • Statement of the Austrian Parliament on the Centennial of the Armenian Genocide perpetrated in the Ottoman Empire - 22 April, 2015
  • European Parliament Resolution dedicated to the Centenary of the Armenian Genocide - 15 April, 2015
  • Czech Republic, Resolution of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Chamber of Deputies of Parliament on the occasion of the Armenian Genocide Centenary - April 14 2015
  • Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile - April 14, 2015
  • Statement by Holy Father Francis during the Mass at the Vatican - April 12, 2015
  • Bolivia's Senate and the Chamber of Deputies Resolution - November 27, 2014
  • Sweden Riksdag Resolution - March 11, 2010
  • MERCOSUR, Joint Parliamentary Committee Resolution - Nov 19, 2007
  • U.S. House Committee Resolution - October 10, 2007
  • Chile, Senate Resolution - July 07, 2007
  • Argentina, Law - January 15, 2007
  • Argentina, Senate Special Statement - April 19, 2006
  • Lithuania, Assembly Resolution - December 15, 2005
  • European Parliament Resolution - September 28, 2005
  • Venezuela, National Assembly Resolution - July 14, 2005
  • Germany, Parliament Resolution - June 15, 2005
  • Argentina, Senate Resolution - April 20, 2005
  • Poland, Parliament Resolution - April 19, 2005
  • Netherlands, Parliament Resolution - December 21, 2004
  • Slovakia, National Assembly Resolution - November 30, 2004
  • Canada, House of Commons Resolution - April 21, 2004
  • Argentina, Senate Declaration - March 31, 2004
  • Uruguay, Law - March 26, 2004
  • Argentina, Draft Law - March 18, 2004
  • Switzerland (Helvetic Confederation), National Council Resolution - December 16, 2003
  • Argentina, Senate Resolution - August 20, 2003
  • Canada, Senate Resolution - June 13, 2002
  • European Parliament Resolution - February 28, 2002
  • Common Declaration of His Holiness John Paul II and His Holiness Karekin II at Holy Etchmiadzin, Republic of Armenia - September 27, 2001
  • Prayer of John Paul II, Memorial of Tsitsernakaberd - September 26, 2001
  • France, Law - January 29, 2001
  • Italy, Chamber of Deputies Resolution - November 16, 2000
  • European Parliament Resolution - November 15, 2000
  • France, Senate, Draft Law - November 7, 2000
  • Lebanon, Parliament Resolution - May 11, 2000
  • Sweden, Parliament Report - March 29, 2000
  • France, National Assembly Draft Law - May 28, 1998
  • Belgium, Senate Resolution - March 26, 1998
  • Lebanon, Chamber of Deputies Resolution - April 3, 1997
  • U.S. House of Representatives Resolution 3540 - June 11, 1996
  • Greece (Hellenic Republic), Parliament Resolution - April 25, 1996
  • Canada, House of Commons Resolution - April 23, 1996
  • Russia, Duma Resolution - April 14, 1995
  • Argentina, Senate Resolution - May 5, 1993
  • European Parliament Resolution - June 18, 1987
  • U.S. House of Representatives Joint Resolution 247 - September 12, 1984
  • Cyprus, House of Representatives, Resolution - April 29, 1982
  • U.S. House of Representatives Joint Resolution 148 - April 9, 1975
  • Uruguay, Senate and House of Representatives, Resolution - April 20, 1965
  • U.S. Senate Resolution 359 - May 11, 1920
  • U.S. Congress Act to Incorporate Near East Relief - August 6, 1919
  • U.S. Senate Concurrent Resolution 12 - February 9, 1916
  • France, Great Britain, and Russia, Joint Declaration - May 24, 1915

Organizaciones internacionales

  • Statement of the International Commission on Human Rights and Religious Freedoms regarding the recognition of the Armenian Genocide - February 1, 2022.
  • Resolution of the European Parliament encouraging the acceptance of the Armenian Genocide by Turkey - June 7, 2022
  • Parliament of Andean Community of Nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú) September 20, 2016.
  • International Organization of La Francophonie, Statement of Secretary-General - April 24 2015
  • The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity - April 9, 2007
  • Human Rights Association of Turkey, Istanbul Branch - April 24, 2006
  • International Center for Transitional Justice Report Prepared for TARC - February 10, 2003
  • European Alliance of YMCAs - July 20, 2002
  • Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Declaration - April 24, 2001
  • Human Rights League - May 16, 1998
  • Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Declaration - April 24, 1998
  • The Association of Genocide Scholars - June 13, 1997
  • Kurdistan Parliament in Exile - April 24, 1996
  • Union of American Hebrew Congregations - November 7, 1989
  • UN Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities - July 2, 1985
  • Permanent Peoples' Tribunal, Verdict of the Tribunal - April 16, 1984
  • World Council of Churches - August 10, 1983
  • UN General Assembly Resolution - December 9, 1948
  • UN War Crimes Commission Report - May 28, 1948

Órganos legislativos provinciales, gobiernos y ayuntamientos

USA

  • Alabama
  • Alaska
  • Arizona
  • Arkansas
  • California
  • Colorado
  • Connecticut
  • Delaware
  • Florida
  • Georgia
  • Hawaii
  • Idaho
  • Illinois
  • Indiana
  • Iowa
  • Kansas
  • Kentucky
  • Louisiana
  • Maine
  • Maryland
  • Massachusetts
  • Michigan
  • Minnesota
  • Mississippi
  • Missouri
  • Montana
  • Nebraska
  • Nevada
  • New Hampshire
  • New Jersey
  • New Mexico
  • New York
  • North Carolina
  • North Dakota
  • Ohio
  • Oklahoma
  • Oregon
  • Pennsylvania
  • Rhode Island
  • South Carolina
  • South Dakota
  • Tennessee
  • Texas
  • Utah
  • Vermont
  • Virginia
  • Washington
  • West Virginia
  • Wisconsin
  • Wyoming

Australia

  • Province of New South Wales

Argentina

  • Province of Buenos Aires
  • Province of Cordoba

Canada

  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Ontario (including the City of Toronto)
  • Quebec (including the City of Montreal)

Switzerland

  • Geneva Canton
  • Vaud Canton

Great Britain

  • Wales

Italy

  • Friuli-Venezia Giulia Regional Assembly
  • Municipality of Asiago
  • Municipality of Bagnacavallo
  • Municipality of Belluno
  • Municipality of Bertiolo
  • Municipality of Camponogara
  • Municipality of Casalecchio di Reno
  • Municipality of Castellammare di Stabia
  • Municipality of Castelsilano
  • Municipality of Cava de' Tirreni
  • Municipality of Conselice
  • Municipality of Cotignola
  • Municipality of Faenza
  • Municipality of Feltre
  • Municipality of Firenze
  • Municipality of Fusignano
  • Municipality of Genova
  • Municipality of Imola
  • Municipality of Lugo
  • Municipality of Massa Lombarda
  • Municipality of Milano
  • Municipality of Monteforte D'Alpone
  • Municipality of Montorso Vicentino
  • Municipality of Padova
  • Municipality of Parma
  • Municipality of Ponte di Piave
  • Municipality of Ravenna
  • Municipality of Reggio di Calabria
  • Municipality of Roma
  • Municipality of Russi
  • Municipality of S. Agata Sul Santerno
  • Municipality of S. Edigio del Monte Albino
  • Municipality of S. Stino Livenza
  • Municipality of Salgareda
  • Municipality of Sanguinetto
  • Municipality of Sesto San Giovanni
  • Municipality of Solarolo
  • Municipality of Thiene
  • Municipality of Tolfa
  • Municipality of Udine
  • Municipality of Venice
  • Municipality of Villafranca Padovana
  • Regional Council of Lazio
  • Regional Council of Tuscany
  • Sicilian Regional Assembly

Spain

  • Alcorcon
  • Aldaia
  • Alicante
  • Balearic Islands
  • Barcelona
  • Basque Country
  • Benalmadena
  • Betera
  • Burgos
  • Burjassot
  • Catalonia
  • Cullera
  • Malaga
  • Merida
  • Mislata
  • Navarre
  • Ontinyent
  • Paiporte
  • Pinto
  • Sabadell
  • San Sebastián
  • Santa Margarida i els Monjos
  • Soria
  • Torrent
  • Valencia
  • Villena
  • Xirivella

Belgium

  • Flemish Parliament Resolution

Austria

  • Vienna

Ukraine

  • Svatove city, Luhansk region

Mexico

  • Michoacán

Fuente: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de la República de Armenia — catálogo oficial de reconocimientos (compruebe actualizaciones en el sitio del MFA). mfa.am/recognition.

Reconocimiento frente a criminalización

Instituciones europeas

El Parlamento Europeo adoptó en 2015 una resolución de centenario que condena la negación y anima a un reconocimiento más amplio: simbólicamente importante para el debate de la UE pero no sustituto del derecho nacional. Texto en EUR-Lex (2015). Resoluciones anteriores (p. ej. 1987) siguen la misma lógica institucional; lea siempre la versión fechada.

Cómo leer listas de reconocimiento

Preguntas frecuentes · Recursos · Armenia y España.

Reconocer un genocidio en ley o resolución no crea automáticamente un delito de negación; cada ordenamiento equilibra memoria, libertad de expresión y proporcionalidad penal a su manera.
Fuente: Síntesis pedagógica para lectores no juristas.